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Rule 9b

A later homonym of a name formed under the nomenclatural codes listed in Principle 2 cannot be used.

Recommendation 9

To form new prokaryotic names, authors are advised as follows:

1. Names that are very long or difficult to pronounce should be avoided.
2. Names should differ by at least three characters from existing names of genera or species within the same genus.
3. Languages other than Latin should be avoided when Latin equivalents exist or can be constructed by combining Latin word elements. Exceptions include names derived from local items such as foods, drinks, geographic localities, and other names for which no Latin words exist.
4. Authors should not name organisms after themselves. If names are formed from personal names, they should contain only the name of one person. They may contain the untruncated family and/or first names.
5. All personal genus names should be feminine regardless of the gender identity of the person they commemorate.
6. Names should not be deliberately contentious or abusive of any person, race, religion, political belief, or ideology.
7. Names that include mnemonic cues are preferred because they promote learning and memory.

Rule 16

Each named taxon must have a designated nomenclatural type. The nomenclatural type, referred to in the SeqCode as “type”, for a species or subspecies is the evidence for that taxon (DNA sequence, see Rule 18a) with which the name is permanently associated. For taxa above the rank of species, the type is one of the subordinate taxa, with which the name is permanently associated. Formation of names of the taxa above the level of genus is based on the names of the types, allowing tracing which biological entity is included in the taxon. The nomenclatural type is not necessarily the most typical or representative element of the taxon.

Types of the various taxonomic categories are presented in Table 2.

Rule 17

The type of a taxon must be designated for the name to be validly published (see Section 5).

Rule 26

A name of a new taxon, or a new combination for an existing taxon, is not validly published unless the following criteria are met:

1. The name is effectively published under the rules of the SeqCode.
2. The name is registered in the SeqCode Registry, along with mandatory data fields listed below.
3. The type of the taxon is clearly designated. In the case of species or subspecies, the type sequence is deposited according to Rule 18a and the accession number cited.
4. The taxonomic rank is designated.
5. The derivation (etymology) of a new name (and if necessary of a new combination) is given wherein one or more distinguishable roots are identified. Roots can originate from any language in use or extinct (see also Recommendation 9).

Note 1. When a new species or a new combination results in the proposal of a new genus, both the new genus name and the new species name or the new combination must be validly published. Publication of the new species epithet or new combination alone does not constitute valid publication of the new genus name.

Note 2. When possible, authors are recommended to include the SeqCode Registry identifier in the effective publication.

Note 3. If the information provided in the registration and the effective publication differ, the registration is considered definitive.

Rule 18a

The type of a species or subspecies is a designated DNA sequence that is compliant with the minimum standards designated by the SeqCode Committee for genome, metagenome-assembled genome, or single-amplified genome sequences. The sequence must be available in the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC). Upon recommendations of the SeqCode Committee or subcommittees on the taxonomy of specific groups, the SeqCode Committee may approve other minimal standards as suitable types for specific groups.

Rule 24a

Effective publication under the SeqCode means that the name and evidence for the taxon have been published in a peer-reviewed journal or book.

Rule 26

A name of a new taxon, or a new combination for an existing taxon, is not validly published unless the following criteria are met:

1. The name is effectively published under the rules of the SeqCode.
2. The name is registered in the SeqCode Registry, along with mandatory data fields listed below.
3. The type of the taxon is clearly designated. In the case of species or subspecies, the type sequence is deposited according to Rule 18a and the accession number cited.
4. The taxonomic rank is designated.
5. The derivation (etymology) of a new name (and if necessary of a new combination) is given wherein one or more distinguishable roots are identified. Roots can originate from any language in use or extinct (see also Recommendation 9).

Note 1. When a new species or a new combination results in the proposal of a new genus, both the new genus name and the new species name or the new combination must be validly published. Publication of the new species epithet or new combination alone does not constitute valid publication of the new genus name.

Note 2. When possible, authors are recommended to include the SeqCode Registry identifier in the effective publication.

Note 3. If the information provided in the registration and the effective publication differ, the registration is considered definitive.