Rickettsia spp. in rodent-attached ticks in Estonia and first evidence of spotted fever group Rickettsia species Candidatus Rickettsia uralica in Europe
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rickettsia spp. are human pathogens that cause a number of diseases and are transmitted by arthropods, such as ixodid ticks. Estonia is one of few regions where the distribution area of two medically important tick species, Ixodes persulcatus and I. ricinus, overlaps. The presence of the nidicolous rodent-associated I. trianguliceps has also recently been shown in Estonia. Although there is no data available in Estonia on human disease caused by tick-borne Rickettsia spp., the presence of three Rickettsia species in non-nidicolous ticks was also previously reported. The aim of this study was to detect, identify and partially characterize Rickettsia species in nidicolous and non-nidicolous ticks attached to rodents.RESULTS: Larvae and nymphs of I. ricinus (n = 1004), I. persulcatus (n = 75) and I. trianguliceps (n = 117) removed from rodents and shrews caught in different parts of Estonia were studied for the presence of Rickettsia spp. by nested PCR. Ticks were collected from 314 small animals of 5 species (Myodes glareolus (bank voles), Apodemus flavicollis (yellow necked mice), A. agrarius (striped field mice), Microtus subterranius (pine voles) and Sorex araneus (common shrews)). Rickettsial DNA was detected in 8.7% (103/1186) of the studied ticks. In addition to R. helvetica previously found in questing ticks, this study reports the first identification of the recently described I. trianguliceps-associated Candidatus R. uralica west of the Ural Mountains.