Yen, Alan

AbstractThis study is the first to investigate the presence and movement of the novel Liberibacter species ‘Candidatus Liberibacter brunswickensis’ (CLbr) in eggplant, Solanum melongena. The psyllid, Acizzia solanicola can transmit CLbr to eggplant and CLbr can be acquired by CLbr-negative A. solanicola individuals from CLbr-positive eggplants. In planta, CLbr can replicate, move and persist. Investigation into the early development of eggplants showed that CLbr titres had increased at the inoculation site at 14 days post inoculation access period (DPIAP). CLbr had become systemic in the majority of plants tested by 28 DPIAP. The highest bacterial titres were recorded at 35 DPIAP in all samples of the inoculated leaf, the roots, stems and the midrib and petiole samples of the newest leaf (the top leaf). This finding strongly suggests that CLbr movement in planta follows the source to sink relationship as previously described for ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) and ‘Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum’ (CLso). No symptoms consistent with Liberibacter-associated diseases were noted for plants colonised by CLbr during this study, consistent with the hypothesis that CLbr does not cause disease of eggplant during the early stages of host colonisation. In addition, no significant differences in biomass were found between eggplant colonised with CLbr, compared to those that were exposed to CLbr-negative A. solanicola, and to control plants.

Summary A novel candidate species of the liberibacter genus, ‘ Candidatus Liberibacter brunswickensis’ ( CL br), was identified in the Australian eggplant psyllid, Acizzia solanicola . This is the first discovery of a species belonging to the liberibacter genus in Australia and the first report of a liberibacter species in the psyllid genus Acizzia . This new candidate liberibacter species has not been associated with plant disease, unlike other psyllid‐vectored species in the genus including ‘ Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus ’ ( CL as), ‘ Candidatus Liberibacter africanus’ ( CL af) and ‘ Ca . Liberibacter solanacearum’ ( CL so). This study describes novel generic liberibacter genus primers, used to screen Australian psyllids for the presence of microflora that may confound diagnosis of exotic pathogens. CL br forms a unique clade in the liberibacter genus based on phylogenetic analysis of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid ( rRNA ) region and multilocus sequence analysis ( MLSA ) of seven highly conserved genes, dnaG , gyrB , mutS , nusG , rplA , rpoB and tufB . The MLSA mapping approach described in this article was able to discriminate between two ‘ Ca . Liberibacter’ species within a metagenomic data set and represents a novel approach to detecting and differentiating unculturable species of liberibacter. Further, CL br can confound the Li et al . (2006) quantitative PCR ( qPCR ) diagnostic tests for CL as and CL af.