Reysenbach 2001: Rod, disc, or spherical cells of varied size and shape; rods are from ~0.1 to 0.5 x 1 to ~100 µm long. Coccoid forms are from ~0.5 to 5 µm in diameter and may be pleomorphic. Gram-negative and thermophilic. Grows best from 65 to >100°C. Obligate anaerobes, facultative aerobes, or obligate aerobes. Chemolithoautotrophs, facultative chemolithoautotrophs, or organotrophs. Sulfur reduction or oxidation, or sulfur respiration of various organic substrates. Occur worldwide in acidic thermal springs and mudpots, and in submarine thermal environments.
Type order: Thermoproteales Zillig and Stetter 1982, 267, emend. Burggraf, Huber and Stetter 1997b, 659 (Effective publication: Zillig and Stetter in Zillig, Stetter, Schäfer, Janekovic, Wunderl, Holz and Palm 1981,224).