Publications

4560

First sugar beet varieties with reasonable yield stability under infection with Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus (ARSEPH), the causal agent of the syndrome “Basses Richesses” (SBR), were discovered, but the mechanisms behind this have not been described yet. Thus, this research aimed at analyzing different morphological, physiological and quality related traits of ARSEPH infected sugar beet taproots to identify methods for SBR variety screening. In a greenhouse experiment, one susceptible and two tolerant varieties were infected with ARSEPH via the vector Pentastiridius leporinus (reed glass-winged cicada) under controlled conditions. In the susceptible variety, an infection with ARSEPH caused an average reduction in volume (~40%), length (~6%), width (~21%), fresh mass (~41%) and an increase in dry matter content (~5%). The tolerant varieties exhibited a lower effect on these parameters but showed a greater increase in alcohol insoluble residues (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin) and marc content. The significant enhancement in flexural taproot tissue strength observed in the tolerant varieties may be linked to increased levels of structural cell components. The susceptible and one tolerant variety exhibited reduced periderm puncture resistance after infection. This first study of physiological and morphological traits provides deeper insights into host-pathogen interaction and potential variety response. To confirm the relevance and implications of the results as new parameters for screening of SBR-tolerant varieties, further analysis with additional varieties across a larger number of samples is necessary.

Abstract Dermatophilaceae polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs), formerly classified as Tetrasphaera PAOs, play pivotal roles in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). However, their phylogenetic diversity, ecological preferences, and metabolic traits remain poorly characterized, and a robust marker gene for their classification is lacking. Here, we performed an extensive phylogenomic and metabolic analysis of Dermatophilaceae PAOs utilizing 46 newly recovered metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from a laboratory-scale EBPR reactor treating high-strength wastewater and full-scale wastewater treatment plants. These analyses revealed a previously uncharacterized PAO genus, named Candidatus Dermatophostum, which is adapted to high-phosphorus environments. Its representative species, Ca. D. ammonifactor, was enriched in the EBPR reactor and its PAO phenotype was confirmed by polyphosphate staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genomic, transcriptomic, and protein structure analyses revealed its specialized metabolic capabilities for phosphate metabolism, glycogen synthesis and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. Moreover, Ca. Dermatophostum was found to be widely distributed across WWPTs worldwide, underscoring both its ecological importance and its potential role in mitigating nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. Finally, we propose a ppk1 -based classification framework that resolves Dermatophilaceae PAOs into six distinct clades, consistent with whole-genome phylogeny, and demonstrates that ppk1 can serve as a reliable marker gene for tracking these populations. Together, these findings expand the ecological and functional understanding of Dermatophilaceae PAOs and highlight their promise for advancing sustainable wastewater treatment and resource recovery.

ABSTRACT Recent discoveries of aerobic methanotrophs in non-seep carbonate-rich environments in the deep sea suggest that these organisms may persist as part of the rare biosphere. Recovering rare, active methanotrophs through targeted culturing is essential for understanding their persistence under the oligotrophic non-seep conditions and for uncovering their genomic adaptations related to the survival in energy-limited ecosystems. In our study, using metagenomic analysis of enrichment cultures from the Alpha Crucis Carbonate Ridge, we discovered Methylotuvimicrobium crucis sp. nov., a novel methanotroph representing the rare biosphere in native sediments, described in accordance with the SeqCode rules. Recent discoveries of aerobic methanotrophs in non-seep carbonate-rich environments in the deep sea suggest that these organisms may persist as part of the rare biosphere. Recovering rare, active methanotrophs through targeted culturing is essential for understanding their persistence under the oligotrophic non-seep conditions, and for uncovering their genomic adaptations related to the survival in energy-limited ecosystems. In our study, using metagenomic analysis of enrichment cultures from the Alpha Crucis Carbonate Ridge, we discovered Methylotuvimicrobium crucis sp. nov., a novel methanotroph representing the rare biosphere in native sediments, described in accordance with the SeqCode rules. Phylogenomic analysis revealed <95% of Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) to described species, with genomic evidence of deep-sea specialization including: (i) stress adaptation through cold-shock proteins (CspA) and DNA repair systems (UvrD/LexA), (ii) metabolic versatility via complete methane oxidation (pmoABC), nitrogen fixation (nifHDK), and sulfur cycling (sox/sqr) pathways, and (iii) niche partitioning through biofilm formation (GGDEF/EAL) and heavy metal resistance (CopZ/CzcD). Comparative genomics identified a 1,234-gene deep-sea core shared with Methylotuvimicrobium sp. wino1, enriched in mobile elements (TnpA, prophages) suggesting horizontal gene transfer drives adaptation. While undetected in situ amplicon surveys, Methylotuvimicrobium crucis exhibited enrichment under methane availability, demonstrating its role as a latent methane filter. These findings contribute to the understanding of the ecological significance of aerobic methanotrophs in deep-sea systems, revealing how rare microbial taxa with genomic plasticity have the potential to influence biogeochemical cycling in deep carbonate-rich environments. IMPORTANCE Microbial communities in deep-sea sediments play crucial roles in global biogeochemical cycles, yet they remain poorly characterized due to the challenges of sampling and culturing under extreme conditions. This study provides a comprehensive overview of microbial diversity and functional potential in carbonate-rich deep-sea sediments, with an emphasis on methane-oxidizing bacteria. By combining high-throughput metagenomics and comparative genomics, we reconstructed high-quality genomes from previously uncharacterized microbial consortia, including novel members of the genus Methylotuvimicrobium . Our findings shed light on the ecological strategies of methanotrophs in oxygen-limited environments and expand the genomic representation of key players in carbon cycling.