Summary
Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is a microbial process degrading ample methane in anoxic environments, and
Ca. Methanoperedens
mediated nitrate‐ or metal‐reduction linked AOM is believed important in freshwater systems. This work, via 16S rRNA gene diversity survey and 16S rRNA quantification, found abundant
Ca. Methanoperedens
along with iron in the cold Zoige wetland at Tibetan Plateau. The wetland soil microcosm performed Fe(III) reduction, rather than nitrate‐ nor sulphate‐reduction, coupled methane oxidation (3.87 μmol d
−1
) with 32.33 μmol Fe(II) accumulation per day at 18°C, but not at 30°C. A metagenome‐assembled genome (MAG) recovered from the microcosm exhibits ~74% average nucleotide identity with the reported
Ca. Methanoperedens
spp. that perform Fe(III) reduction linked AOM, thus a novel species
Ca. Methanoperedens psychrophilus
was proposed.
Ca. M. psychrophilus
contains the whole suite of CO
2
reductive methanogenic genes presumably involving in AOM via a reverse direction, and comparative genome analysis revealed its unique gene categories: the multi‐heme clusters (MHCs) cytochromes, the S‐layer proteins highly homologous to those recovered from lower temperature environments and type IV pili, those could confer
Ca. M. psychrophilus
of cold adaptability. Therefore, this work reports the first methanotroph implementing AOM in an alpine wetland.