Publications

4857

Abstract Bacterial symbionts were shown to have significant beneficial impacts on the fitness of their host in insects, but little is known on the symbionts of spiders and their interactions with their hosts. Here, we assembled and investigated the circular 575 kb genome of Candidatus Argioplasma dusa, a novel bacterial symbiont of the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi . Phylogenomic analysis placed this species within the phylum Tenericutes, in a poorly characterized clade that may represent a new order-level lineage or affiliate with the Mycoplasmatales order. With 559 predicted genes, the genome is relatively small compared to other Tenericutes genomes (on average 969 genes) and has a low GC content of ~24%. While the genome encodes genes for proteins involved in glycolysis and fermentative acetate production, it revealed minimal biosynthetic capabilities with pathways for nucleotide, amino acid and vitamin biosynthesis being absent in Ca . Argioplasma dusa. This suggests an intracellular endosymbiotic lifestyle within the spider host. The symbiont was detected in A. bruennichi populations across the distribution range of the spider but appears to be absent in certain populations.

Abstract De novo assembly of ancient and modern bacterial metagenomes can shed light on evolution and ecology of bacterial species that are challenging to culture. Tannerella and Porphyromonas are bacterial genera linked to periodontal disease, and understanding their evolution may reveal insights into their role in oral disease development. We performed pangenomic and phylogenetic analyses on a global set of isolates and metagenome-assembled genomes of the genera Tannerella (n = 238) and Porphyromonas (n = 976), including 66 genomes from ancient dental calculus samples (up to 14,800 years old), and modern oral samples from present-day living populations. We identify a novel species of oral Tannerella in modern and ancient humans, which we call Ca. Tannerella abscondita, that is related to and often mistaken for Tannerella forsythia but differs in its virulence repertoire. We reveal distinct niche tropism in Tannerella species and Porphyromonas pasteri, but not Porphyromonas gingivalis. There is limited phylogeographic structuring, and virulence genes are homogeneously distributed across continents and oral niches. Saliva-derived strains of T. forsythia and P. gingivalis from Oceania and T. serpentiformis and P. pasteri from Asia show enrichment of pseudogenes related to ecological niche transitions. A phylogenetic analysis of the P. gingivalis major fimbrial protein gene fimA reveals the genes cluster by genotypes, and that no ancient genes are found in genotypes I and Ib. Using de novo assembly for bacterial pangenomics improves the representation of oral genera found in reference databases and enhances our ability to study the evolutionary history of these taxa.

Candidatus Saccharibacteria (TM7) is an underexplored bacterial group within the human oral microbiome. These ultra-small, host-dependent organisms, despite their reduced genomes, significantly influence microbial balance and host immunity, exhibiting dual roles in oral health and disease and emerging as a key focus in microbiome research. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on the prevalence, host interactions, genomic features, and ecological roles of TM7 in the oral cavity. A total of 13 peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025 were selected for detailed review based on predefined inclusion criteria, including clinical, laboratory, and metagenomic analyses focusing on TM7 detection, isolation, host specificity, and interactions with oral microbial communities. TM7 was found to be predominantly oral-adapted, exhibiting site-specific colonization with higher abundance in saliva. Coculture experiments demonstrated strict host dependence, particularly on Actinomyces, Schaalia, and Arachnia species, with strain-specific variations affecting host viability and microbial networks. TM7 genomes are highly reduced, with specialized adaptations including type IV pili and arginine deiminase pathways. Interactions with the immune system were context-dependent, with both immunomodulatory and pro-inflammatory outcomes observed. Detection methods significantly influenced TM7 prevalence and functional interpretation. Overall, TM7 represents a host-dependent, ecologically influential oral bacterium with genomic specialization, strain-level variability, and complex interactions within microbial communities. These findings highlight its potential roles in oral health and disease and emphasize the need for advanced multi-modal analytical approaches.

Abstract The pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyri is the main vector of ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’, the causal agent of pear decline, a disease associated with severe yield losses in pear production. Phytoplasmas are further known to interfere with their vectors metabolism; therefore, we investigated whether an infection with ‘ Ca. P. pyri’ is associated with changes in nutrient storage of the pear psyllids. Additionally, we measured whether the phytoplasma infection is associated with differences in flight performance in C. pyri , as the flight activity of the vector is a key component of phytopathogen spread. Using a flight mill, we quantified flight distance, duration, and speed, and combined qPCR-based infection detection with colorimetric assays to determine protein, carbohydrate, and lipid content from the same individual. Infected psyllids contained significantly higher levels of soluble carbohydrates than uninfected individuals. Lipid content was not affected by the phytoplasma infections but was found to be consistently higher in males than in females, while protein levels did not vary with sex or infection status. Despite infection-related differences in carbohydrate levels, phytoplasma infection did not significantly affect flight duration, distance, or speed. These results indicate that infection-associated shifts in bulk carbohydrate storage do not translate into altered flight motivation or performance, suggesting a functional decoupling between metabolic state and realised dispersal capacity under standardised laboratory conditions.