Publications

4493

‘ Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las) is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen associated with citrus huanglongbing (HLB) or greening disease. Las is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) where it colonizes the phloem tissue, resulting in substantial economic losses to the citrus industry worldwide. Despite extensive efforts, effective management strategies against HLB remain elusive, necessitating a deeper understanding of the pathogen's biology. Las undergoes cell-to-cell movement through phloem flow and colonizes different tissues in which Las may have varying interactions with the host. Here, we investigate the transcriptomic landscape of Las in citrus seed coat vasculatures, enabling a complete gene expression profiling of Las genome and revealing unique transcriptomic patterns compared with previous studies using midrib tissues. Comparative transcriptomics between seed coat, midrib, and ACP identified specific responses and metabolic states of Las in different host tissue. Two Las virulence factors that exhibit higher expression in seed coat can suppress callose deposition. Therefore, they may contribute to unclogging sieve plate pores during Las colonization in seed coat vasculature. Furthermore, analysis of regulatory elements uncovers a potential role of LuxR-type transcription factors in regulating Liberibacter effector gene expression during plant colonization. Together, this work provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of the devastating citrus HLB. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

The ‘Cuimi’ kumquat is a unique citrus cultivar known for its thin, crisp pulp and sweet, aromatic flavor. In addition to its use in fresh consumption and processing, this variety exhibits certain medicinal properties. This study aims to investigate the genetic diversity of the Huanglongbing (HLB) bacterium across different tissues of the ‘Cuimi’ kumquat, offering a theoretical basis for understanding the HLB epidemic in Dechang County, Sichuan. The research focuses on the absolute quantification of the HLB bacterium in seven specific tissues of the ‘Cuimi’ kumquat, including new leaves, upper phloem of branches, fruit peduncle, pith, fruit axis, old leaves, and lower phloem of branches. Additionally, the types and contents of prophages were identified in these tissues. In the same diseased branch group, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) exhibited an uneven distribution, with the highest concentration detected in the pith, significantly surpassing levels found in the stem and leaf tissues (new leaves, upper phloem of branches, old leaves, lower phloem of branches). Infected fruit peduncles and pith slices showed noticeable shrinkage and collapse in the phloem. Prophage analysis indicated that multiple types of prophages could be simultaneously detected within the same infected ‘Cuimi’ kumquat branch. New shoot tissues contained both Type 2 and Type 4 prophages, with a relatively higher abundance of Type 4 and a lower abundance of Type 2. The relative abundance of Type 1 prophage in the fruit tissues was generally higher than in other tissues. CLas primarily accumulates in the fruit tissues of the ‘Cuimi’ kumquat, and the situation in Dechang County suggests that individual trees may be infected with multiple prophage strains simultaneously.

El Huanglongbing, causado por Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), es una de las enfermedades más destructivas de los cítricos, afectando gravemente la producción de limón Persa. Este estudio se enfocó en evaluar el impacto de diferentes tratamientos nutricionales en la inducción floral y vegetativa de árboles infectados con CLas. El experimento se realizó en un huerto en San Rafael, Veracruz, México, con árboles jóvenes enfermos con HLB. El diseño experimental consistió en bloques al azar generalizado, cuatro bloques donde cada uno cuatro tratamientos con cinco repeticiones los cuales consistieron en T1 y T3 en dosis balanceadas de N-P-K-Mg-S-Ca (T1=190- 56-147-10-60-102; T3=225-68-222-20-90-119). El T2 (testigo regional) consistió en N-P-K (180- 50-150) y T4 (testigo absoluto) sin aplicación. Los análisis estadísticos indicaron que los árboles tratados con una nutrición balanceada presentaron una mayor brotación vegetativa y floral, así como un incremento en el número de frutos en madurez de cosecha. Estos hallazgos sugieren que una estrategia de manejo que incluya una adecuada nutrición puede ayudar a reducir los efectos negativos del HLB y mejorar la productividad de los árboles infectados.

Abstract Ba.be.lo'ta. N.L. fem. n. Babela , a Candidatus genus name; L. neut. pl. n. suff. ‐ ota , ending to denote a phylum; N.L. neut. pl. n. Babelota , the Candidatus Babela phylum. Candidatus Babelota is a phylum of strictly intracellular bacteria, currently divided into two class‐level groups and at least five orders based on 16S rRNA sequence analyses. However, all known biological isolates to date belong to the same order of the Babelales, within the Babelia class. Presently, four isolates representing three families have been described and maintained in laboratory cultures through the cultivation of their hosts, which are known to be amoeboid and flagellated protists. Genomic analysis of Ca . Babelota consistently reveals a profound reduction in metabolic capabilities, suggesting a phylum‐wide, conserved parasitic lifestyle. To date, all lineages covered by genomic data indicate that parasitism is a defining trait of this phylum. Ca . Babelota exhibits a cosmopolitan environmental distribution, with sequences detected across a spectrum of habitats including soil, freshwater, and saline or hypersaline water bodies. Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the phylum Candidatus Babelota is: preferred name (not correct name) (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Bacteria / incertae sedis / Candidatus Babelota The phylum Candidatus Babelota can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as p__Dependentiae (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Bacteria / p__Dependentiae * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776