Publications

4498

We report the complete genome sequence and annotation of “ Candidatus Nardonella dryophthoridicola” strain NardRF, obtained by sequencing its host bacteriome, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus , using Oxford Nanopore technology.

Summary Large amounts of detrital organic matter and osmolytes accumulate in the sediments of hadal trenches (>6000 m depth) due to the funnelling effect. It is still unknown whether there are novel active microbes that depend on specific carbon sources in extreme and isolated environments. In this study, we present a novel active bacterial phylum, Candidatus Tianyabacteria in the FCB superphylum, which was enriched in sediments collected from the Challenger Deep. Genome binning resulted in high‐quality Ca . Tianyabacteria genomes representing two Ca . Tianyabacteria lineages (L1 and L2) in sediments 0–21 cm below the surface (cmbsf); L1 tends to be abundant in the upper layers (0–9 cmbsf), and L2 seems to be more prevalent in the deeper layers (12–21 cmbsf). Gene annotation and transcriptomics results indicate that the two lineages might import and catalyse amino acids and myo‐inositol into central carbon metabolism for a heterotrophic lifestyle. Probably due to differences in environmental oxygen levels, the L2 genomes harbour gene clusters responsible for denitrification and fermentation, while the L1 genomes encode octahaem cytochrome c and multicopper oxidase using unknown substrates. The Ca . Tianyabacteria are thus novel heterotrophic organisms that participate in processes of carbon, nitrogen and organic osmolyte cycling in hadal sediments.

Abstract Na.no.ha.lo'bi.um. Gr. masc. n. nanos a dwarf; Gr. masc. n. hals , halos salt; Gr. masc. n. bios life; N.L. neut. n. Nanohalobium small organism living in salt. The genus Candidatus Nanohalobium was established based on a genome sequence found after the enrichment, cultivation, and characterization of a binary association with its chitinolytic host, obtained from a crystallizer pond brine collected in the marine solar saltern Saline della Laguna of Trapani, Italy. Ca . Nanohalobium is phylogenetically affiliated with members of the Ca . Nanohaloarchaeota ( Candidatus Haloredivivus, Candidatus Nanosalina, and Candidatus Nanosalinicola) of the archaeal DPANN superphylum. Cultivation experiments and analysis of the 0.97 Mb genome of Ca . Nanohalobium constans LC1Nh revealed that the organism has an organoheterotrophic, sugar‐fermenting lifestyle, lacking key anabolic machinery and any respiratory complexes. Additionally, the cultivation experiments revealed a remarkable mutualism of a nanohaloarchaeon–haloarchaeon association, namely the nanohaloarchaeon's ability to hydrolyze glycogen and starch to glucose, enabling the growth of Halomicrobium sp. LC1Hm in the absence of chitin. The low‐median isoelectric point for the predicted proteins suggests a “salt‐in” strategy used by the nanohaloarchaeon for osmotic balance. 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated with Ca . Nanohalobium were recovered from other saltern ponds and hypersaline lakes worldwide. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 43.2 (genome). Type species : Candidatus Nanohalobium constans , La Cono et al. 2020. Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus Candidatus Nanohalobium is: preferred name (not correct name) (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Archaea / Nanobdellati / Candidatus Nanohalarchaeota / Candidatus Nanohalobiia / Candidatus Nanohalobiales / Candidatus Nanohalobiaceae / Candidatus Nanohalobium The genus Candidatus Nanohalobium can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as g__Nanohalobium (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Archaea / p__Nanohaloarchaeota / c__Nanosalinia / o__Nanosalinales / f__Nanosalinaceae / g__Nanohalobium * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776

Abstract Sil.va.ni.grel'la. N.L. fem. dim. n. Silvanigrella named after Silva nigra the Latin geographic name of the Schwarzwald (Black Forest) mountains located in the south‐west of Germany. The genus Silvanigrella accommodates heterotrophic freshwater bacteria isolated from the water column of circumneutral or slightly acidic (pH 5–7) lakes and ponds with low ion concentrations (conductivity < 30 μS/cm). So far, only the two species Silvanigrella aquatica and Silvanigrella paludirubra have been described. Cells of the type strains have in common red pigmentation, motility, and pleomorphic morphology. In both species, the cell morphology ranges from rod‐shaped cells to filamentous forms, the cell size is variable in length and width. The type strain of S. aquatica in addition forms, densely coiled spirals. The type strains of both species grow at temperatures above 30°C, but only the type strain of S. paludirubra grows at temperatures below 10°C. Growth occurred up to supplementary NaCl concentrations of 1.0–1.1% (w/v). Both type strains utilized various organic substrates including carbohydrates, amino acids, and short‐chain fatty acids; however, the substrate spectra of the two strains differed. The most abundant fatty acid was iso‐C 15:0 for both type strains, contributing 33% to the total fatty acid content. The major respiratory quinone of S. paludirubra is menaquinone MK‐8, while the quinones of S. aquatica remained unidentified. The type strains of S. aquatica and S. paludirubra were both characterized by medium‐sized genomes (3.5 and 3.9 Mb, respectively) with low G + C content (32.6 and 29.3 mol%, respectively). DNA G + C content (mol%) : 29–33 (genome sequencing). Type species : Silvanigrella aquatica Hahn et al. 2017 VP . Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus Silvanigrella is: correct name (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Bacteria / Pseudomonadati / Pseudomonadota / Oligoflexia / Silvanigrellales / Silvanigrellaceae / Silvanigrella The genus Silvanigrella can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as g__Silvanigrella (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Bacteria / p__Bdellovibrionota / c__Oligoflexia / o__Silvanigrellales / f__Silvanigrellaceae / g__Silvanigrella * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776

Abstract Ni.tro.so.pe.la'gi.cus. N.L. masc. adj. nitrosus nitrous; L. masc. adj. pelagicus of the open sea; N.L. masc. n. Nitrosopelagicus a nitrite producer of the open sea. The genus Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus is composed of marine ammonia‐oxidizing archaea, almost all of which are uncultivated. They are found in shallow waters (<200 m depth) of the oligotrophic tropical, subtropical, and temperate open oceans. A single species has been described, Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus brevis, which couples growth with the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. One described strain ( Ca . N. brevis U25) is capable of hydrolyzing urea to supply the ammonia required for growth. Cells are obligately aerobic, small, and nonmotile rods. They grow free‐living, not associated with surfaces. No growth enhancement has been observed in the presence of organic carbon compounds; a reduction in the lag phase of growth has been observed with addition of α‐ketoacids, potentially serving as radical oxygen scavengers. Organisms are mesophilic and obligately marine. Lipid composition distinguishes Ca . Nitrosopelagicus from Nitrosopumilus using glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) distributions, with lower amounts of GDGT‐2 and higher amounts of GDGT‐0 and GDGT‐1 found in Ca . Nitrosopelagicus. Abundance of Ca . Nitrospelagicus‐like organisms is correlated with nitrification rates, suggesting that these organisms are the dominant ammonia oxidizers in epipelagic and upper mesopelagic environments of the low‐ and mid‐latitude open oceans. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 33.1. Type species : Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus brevis Santoro et al. 2015. Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus is: preferred name (not correct name) (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Archaea / Thermoproteati / Thermoproteota / Nitrososphaeria / Nitrosopumilales / incertae sedis / Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus The genus Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as g__Nitrosopelagicus (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Archaea / p__Thermoproteota / c__Nitrososphaeria / o__Nitrososphaerales / f__Nitrosopumilaceae / g__Nitrosopelagicus * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776